Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

1. This tense is a combination of the past and the present. It indicates an action that took place in the past but has its impact in the present or is still relevant. This means that a past action is commented upon or interpreted in the present context :

The train has arrived at the platform.

The drama has started.

2. It indicates an action that has just completed :

I have heard the sound of knocking at the door.

She has just seen a flying dish in the air.

3. It is also used with future implication :

You will juice this after you have worked hard.

They can see me after I have finished my work.

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
Subject + has/have + Verb III Form.	Subject + has/have + not + Verb III Form.	Has/Have + Subject + Verb III Form?
I/We/You/They have thrown a ball. He/She/It has thrown a ball.	I/We/You/They have not thrown a ball. He/She/It has not thrown a ball.	Have I/we/you/they thrown a ball? Has he/she/it thrown a ball?

Past Perfect Tense

This tense is used to show a completed action before another took place :

The thief broke the lock after he had broken into the room.

The batsman started to make quick runs after he had settled down.

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
Subject + had + Verb III Form.	Subject + had + not + Verb III Form.	Had + Subject + Verb III Form?
I/We/You/He/She/It/They had thrown a ball.	I/We/You/He/She/It/They had not thrown a ball.	Had I/we/you/he/she/it/they thrown a ball?

Future Perfect Tense

This tense is used to indicate an action which will be finished by a certain time in the future or before another event occurs in the future :

They will have watched the film by today.

I shall have pushed the cart before they bring the bullock.

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
Subject + will/shall have + Verb III Form.	Subject + will/shall + not + have + Verb III Form.	Will/Shall + Subject + have + Verb III Form?
I/We shall have thrown a ball. You/He/She/It/They will have thrown a ball.	I/We shall not have thrown a ball. You/He/She/It/They will not have thrown a ball.	Shall I/we have thrown a ball? Will you/he/she/it/they have thrown a ball?